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Benzofuroxan derivatives N-Br and N-I induce intrinsic apoptosis in melanoma cells by regulating AKT/BIM signaling and display anti metastatic activity in vivo.
Farias, C F; Massaoka, M H; Girola, N; Azevedo, R A; Ferreira, A K; Jorge, S D; Tavares, L C; Figueiredo, C R; Travassos, L R.
Afiliação
  • Farias CF; Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil. camyla.ff@gmail.com.
  • Massaoka MH; Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil. mari.massa@gmail.com.
  • Girola N; Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil. nataliagirola@hotmail.com.
  • Azevedo RA; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ricardoaazevedo@hotmail.com.
  • Ferreira AK; Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ferreira-kleber@usp.br.
  • Jorge SD; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. sdjorge@gmail.com.
  • Tavares LC; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. leoberto@usp.br.
  • Figueiredo CR; Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil. rogernty@hotmail.com.
  • Travassos LR; Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil. luiztravassos@gmail.com.
BMC Cancer ; 15: 807, 2015 Oct 27.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26503030
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, and despite recent advances in treatment, the survival rate of the metastatic form remains low. Nifuroxazide analogues are drugs based on the substitution of the nitrofuran group by benzofuroxan, in view of the pharmacophore similarity of the nitro group, improving bioavailability, with higher intrinsic activity and less toxicity. Benzofuroxan activity involves the intracellular production of free-radical species. In the present work, we evaluated the antitumor effects of different benzofuroxan derivatives in a murine melanoma model.

METHODS:

B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells were used to investigate the antitumor effects of Benzofuroxan derivatives in vitro and in a syngeneic melanoma model in C57Bl/6 mice. Cytotoxicity, morphological changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by a diphenyltetrasolium reagent, optical and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Annexin-V binding and mitochondrial integrity were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting and colorimetry identified cell signaling proteins.

RESULTS:

Benzofuroxan N-Br and N-I derivatives were active against murine and human tumor cell lines, exerting significant protection against metastatic melanoma in a syngeneic model. N-Br and N-I induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, evidenced by specific morphological changes, DNA condensation and degradation, and phosphatidylserine translocation in the plasma membrane. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in B16F10-Nex2 cells is suggested owing to reduced outer membrane potential in mitochondria, followed by caspase -9, -3 activation and cleavage of PARP. The cytotoxicity of N-Br and N-I in B16F10-Nex2 cells is mediated by the generation of ROS, inhibited by pre-incubation of the cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The induction of ROS by N-Br and N-I resulted in the inhibition of AKT activation, an important molecule related to tumor cell survival, followed by upregulation of BIM.

CONCLUSION:

We conclude that N-Br and N-I are promising agents aiming at cancer treatment. They may be useful in melanoma therapy as inducers of intrinsic apoptosis and by exerting significant antitumor activity against metastatic melanoma, as presently shown in syngeneic mice.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Benzoxazóis / Melanoma Experimental / Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas / Apoptose / Proteína Oncogênica v-akt / Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose / Proteínas de Membrana Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2015 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Benzoxazóis / Melanoma Experimental / Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas / Apoptose / Proteína Oncogênica v-akt / Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose / Proteínas de Membrana Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2015 Tipo de documento: Article