(11)C- and (18)F-Labeled Radioligands for P-Glycoprotein Imaging by Positron Emission Tomography.

P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter widely expressed at the human blood-brain barrier. It is involved in xenobiotics efflux and in onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. For these reasons, there is great interest in the assessment of P-gp expression and function by noninvasive techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Three radiolabeled aryloxazole derivatives: 2-[2-(2-methyl-((11)C)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ([(11)C]-5); 2-[2-(2-fluoromethyl-((18)F)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline ([(18)F]-6); and 2-[2-(2-fluoroethyl-((18)F)-5-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ([(18)F]-7), were tested in several in vitro biological assays to assess the effect of the aryl substituent in terms of potency and mechanism of action toward P-gp. Methyl derivative [(11)C]-5 is a potent P-gp substrate, whereas the corresponding fluoroethyl derivative [(18)F]-7 is a P-gp inhibitor. Fluoromethyl compound [(18)F]-6 is classified as a non-transported P-gp substrate, because its efflux increases after cyclosporine A modulation. These studies revealed a promising substrate and inhibitor, [(11)C]-5 and [(18)F]-7, respectively, for in vivo imaging of P-gp by using PET.