Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
; 92(6): 062817, 2015 Dec.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26764754
ABSTRACT
The "faster-is-slower" (FIS) effect was first predicted by computer simulations of the egress of pedestrians through a narrow exit [D. Helbing, I. J. Farkas, and T. Vicsek, Nature (London) 407, 487 (2000)]. FIS refers to the finding that, under certain conditions, an excess of the individuals' vigor in the attempt to exit causes a decrease in the flow rate. In general, this effect is identified by the appearance of a minimum when plotting the total evacuation time of a crowd as a function of the pedestrian desired velocity. Here, we experimentally show that the FIS effect indeed occurs in three different systems of discrete particles flowing through a constriction (a) humans evacuating a room, (b) a herd of sheep entering a barn, and (c) grains flowing out a 2D hopper over a vibrated incline. This finding suggests that FIS is a universal phenomenon for active matter passing through a narrowing.
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MEDLINE
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Fricção
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En
Ano de publicação:
2015
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Article