Modulation of AßPP and GSK3ß by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dementia disease with neuronal loss and synaptic impairment. This impairment is caused, at least partly, by the generation of two main AD hallmarks, namely the hyperphosphorylated tau protein comprising neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques containing amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides. The amyloid-ß protein precursor (AßPP) and glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß) are two main proteins associated with AD and are closely correlated with these hallmarks. Recently, both of the proteins were reported to be modulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The mechanism of ERS plus the modulation of AßPP processing and GSK3ß activity by ERS in AD are summarized and explored in this review.