A near-infrared fluorescent sensor with large Stokes shift for rapid and highly selective detection of thiophenols in water samples and living cells.

ABSTRACT

The development of simple methods with high sensitivity and selectivity to differentiate toxic aromatic thiols (thiophenols) from aliphatic thiols (cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of great significance. Herein, we report on the fabrication of a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent sensor for rapid and highly selective detection of thiophenols through the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. In the presence of the thiophenols, an obvious enhancement of NIR fluorescence at 658 nm could be visualized with the aid of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. The sensor displays large Stokes shift (~ 227 nm), fast response time (< 30 s), high sensitivity (~ 8.3 nM), and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the as-prepared sensor possesses an excellent anti-interference feature even when other possible interferents exist (aliphatic thiols and H2S) and has been successfully utilized for thiophenol detection in both water samples and living cells. Graphical abstract Illustration of the sensor for thiophenol imaging in living cells.