Revision surgery for degenerative spinal deformity: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Management of spinal degenerative deformities always represents a challenge for the spinal surgeon. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of revision surgery for adult scoliosis, focusing of most common errors in pre-surgical management and criteria for reoperation. We analyzed the spino-pelvic parameters on the standing whole-spine X-ray and the role of sagittal balance. To restore 45° of lumbar lordosis, we performed a L3 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO), along with L2-L3 and L3-L4 eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF). DISCUSSION: In cases of adult scoliosis, careful preoperative planning is necessary in an attempt to avoid difficult, expensive, and high-risk additional procedures.