Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pulmonary invasive fungal infection among adult patients with hematological malignancy in a medical centre in Taiwan, 2008-2013.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pulmonary invasive fungal infection (IFI) among patients with hematological malignancy. METHODS: All patients with hematological malignancy who were treated at a medical centre from 2008 to 2013 were evaluated. Pulmonary IFI was classified according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 2008 consensus. RESULTS: During the study period, 236 (11.3%) of 2083 patients with hematological malignancy were diagnosed as pulmonary IFI, including 41 (17.4%) proven, 75 (31.8%) probable, and 120 (50.8%) possible cases. Among the 116 patients of proven and probable cases of pulmonary IFI, aspergillosis alone (n = 90, 77.6%) was predominant, followed by cryptococcosis alone (n = 9, 7.8%), and mucormycosis (n = 4, 3.4%). The overall incidence of patients with pulmonary IFI was 5.9 per 100 patient-years. The highest incidence (per 100 patient-year) was found in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (13.7) followed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (11.3), and myelodysplastic syndrome/severe aplastic anaemia (6.7). Fourteen (5.9%) of the 236 patients with pulmonary IFI died within 12 weeks after diagnosis of pulmonary IFI. Univariate analysis revealed that elderly age (>65 years) (P = 0.034), lack of response to anti-fungal treatment (P < 0.001), and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (P < 0.001) were predictors of poor prognosis. However, only admission to the ICU was an independent predictor of poor prognosis for 12-week mortality (P = 0.022) based on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome/severe aplastic anaemia were at high risk of pulmonary IFI.