Antioxidant and Hemolysis Protective Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Mulberry Fruits.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mulberry fruits are a superior source of polyphenol, especially anthocyanins that contribute potentially to the beneficial effects which include reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancers with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective properties. OBJECTIVES: In this study, purification of the polyphenol-rich extract from mulberry fruit (MPE) was purified and assessed the activities of antioxidant and hemolysis protective in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antioxidant activities in vitro was measured by quantifying its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power and Fe2+-chelating ability. MPE was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed individual polyphenols using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. RESULTS: The total polyphenol content was 147.69 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dried weight (DW) in the extract and 403.55 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW in the purified extract. Further identification by HPLC-ultraviolet-visible and LC-MS/MS analysis indicated in MPE, an anthocyanin compound, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. With regard to in vitro assays, MPE possessed antioxidant effect, especially in Fe2+ chelating ability with an IC50 value of 1.016 mg/mL. The protective effects on mouse red blood cell hemolysis and lipid peroxidation ex vivo were dose and time dependent. CONCLUSION: It indicates that MPE could be a good candidate for future biomedical applications to promote human health with limited side effects. SUMMARY: Mulberry fruit is an excellent source of polyphenols, in particular, anthocyanins, which has infinite health benefits. This study determined the predominant anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, could possibly be the rationale behind the antioxidant and antihemolytic effect of MPE. Results indicate that MPE could be a good candidate for future biomedical applications to promote human health with limited side effects. Abbreviations used MPE Purification of the polyphenol-rich extract from mulberry fruit, LC-MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography, DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, RBC Red blood cell, GAE Gallic acid equivalent, FeCl2 Ferrous chloride, H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide, EDTA-2Na Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, PBS Phosphate-buffered saline, TCA Trichloroacetic acid, TBA 2-thiobarbituric acid, FeSO4 Ferrous sulphate, MDA Malondialdehyde, VC Vitamin C, DW Dried weight.