Can Functional Polymorphisms in VEGF and MMP Predict Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Extremely Preterm Newborns?

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is multifactorial. This study attempts to identify genetic and clinical factors contributing to IVH in newborns with a focus on those born ≤28 weeks of gestation. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 382 consecutive newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. DNA purification was conducted using standard methods. TaqMan SNP assays were conducted for functional polymorphisms in VEGF (RS699947, RS2010963, RS3025039, and RS1570360) and MMP2 (RS243685 and RS2285053) genes. An RFLP assay was done for a polymorphism in MMP9 (RS3918242). RESULTS: The GG genotype in VEGF RS1570360 (p = 0.013) and the CC genotype in VEGF RS699947 (p = 0.036) were associated with a lower incidence of IVH amongst newborns ≤28 weeks of gestation. Chorioamnionitis, Caucasian race, and patent ductus arteriosus were associated with a higher incidence of IVH. A binary logistic regression analysis of clinical and SNP data that was significant from bivariate analysis demonstrated that VEGF RS1570360 was significantly associated with IVH (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the GA/AA genotype in VEGF RS1570360 and the AA/AC genotype in VEGF RS699947 were associated with higher incidence rates of IVH in newborns ≤28 weeks of gestation. A future study is warranted to comprehensively examine VEGF polymorphisms in association with IVH.