Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of invasive mould infections in Indian intensive care units (FISF study).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Due to limited data on invasive mould infections (IMIs) in the intensive care units (ICUs) of developing countries, we ascertain epidemiology and management of IMIs at 11 ICUs across India. METHODS: Consecutive patients with proven or probable/putative IMIs were enrolled during the study period. Subjects were categorized into classical (neutropenia, malignancy, transplant recipients on immunosuppression) and non-classical (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, liver disease and glucocorticoids) risk groups. We analyzed the demographic, laboratory variables and outcomes of these patients. RESULTS: 398 patients with IMIs (96 proven, 302 probable) were identified, amounting to a prevalence of 9.5 cases/1000 ICU admissions. The mean ±â€¯SD age of the participants was 45.6 ±â€¯21.9 years. The mean ±â€¯SD APACHE II score was 14.3 ±â€¯11.4. The IMIs were diagnosed at a median of 4 days after ICU admission. There were 145 and 253 subjects with classical and non-classical risk groups, respectively. Although Aspergillus spp. were the commonest (82.1%) isolates, Mucorales were detected in 14.4% subjects. A high APACHE II score and IMI due to mucormycosis were significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the distinct epidemiology of IMIs in India ICUs with high burden, new susceptible patient groups and considerable number of non-Aspergillus mould infections. [clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02683642].