Evaluation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by coupling with green-based agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: An efficient method to the tandem extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids.
Talanta
; 199: 329-335, 2019 Jul 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30952267
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, developing new methods for the effective extraction/separation of drugs (present at trace levels) from complicated matrices (as biological fluids) is certainly a great challenge for many operators. In this regard, green-based agarose gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) was for the first time combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) toward G-EME/DLLME methodology (i.e., tandem extraction approach). Two basic drugs such as trimipramine (TRI) and clomipramine (CLO) extracted from the urine samples, were used as model compounds. Regarding method workflow, analytes were extracted from the 5â¯mL sample, through a synthesized agarose gel membrane, to the 700⯵L aqueous acceptor phase under the optimized conditions (pH of acceptor phase 2.0; pH of gel membrane 2.0; pH of donor phase 4.0, voltage value 30â¯V, and extraction time 25â¯min). In the next step, acceptor solution was poured to a conic vial and mixed with 100⯵L alkaline solution (NaOH, 1â¯M). Afterwards, DLLME procedure took place again at optimal conditions, i.e., extraction solvent was carbon tetrachloride (10⯵L), and dispersive solvent was acetone (100⯵L). Ultimately, gas chromatography (GC) was applied for the detection and quantification of drugs. Such G-EME/DLLME configuration has brought two main advantages. Firstly, interferences such as proteins and other large biological molecules were eliminated from biological fluids via G-EME. Further, high enrichment factors (EFs of 260-370 refer to extraction recoveries of 52-74%) were obtained using DLLME with acceptable detection limits (1.0-3.0â¯ngâ¯mL-1). Finally, the suggested approach was successfully utilized to determine drugs at trace levels in urine samples.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Sefarose
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Trimipramina
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Clomipramina
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Microextração em Fase Líquida
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article