Islet ß-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 maintains insulin secretion and glycemia along with suppressing UCP-2 in ß-cells.

ABSTRACT

Nesfatin-1 is a hypothalamic anorexigenic peptide processed from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2). Central and peripheral administration of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 enhances glucose metabolism and insulin release. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is also localized in pancreatic islets, while its function remains unknown. To explore the role of pancreatic ß-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1, we developed pancreatic ß-cell-specific NUCB2 knockout (ßNUCB2 KO) mice and NUCB2 gene knockdown (shNUCB2) MIN6 ß-cell line. In ßNUCB2 KO mice, casual blood glucose was elevated from 12 weeks of age. In a glucose tolerance test at 12 weeks, insulin secretion at 15 min was reduced and blood glucose at 2 h increased in ßNUCB2 KO mice fasted 8 h. In islets isolated from ßNUCB2 KO mice, high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was impaired. In shNUCB2 MIN6 cells, GSIS was reduced and UCP-2 mRNA expression was elevated. These results show impaired GSIS possibly associated with UCP-2 overexpression in NUCB2-silenced ß-cells, suggesting that ß-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 maintains GSIS and thereby glycemia.