Temperature and insulin signaling regulate body size in Hydra by the Wnt and TGF-beta pathways.
Nat Commun
; 10(1): 3257, 2019 07 22.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31332174
ABSTRACT
How multicellular organisms assess and control their size is a fundamental question in biology, yet the molecular and genetic mechanisms that control organ or organism size remain largely unsolved. The freshwater polyp Hydra demonstrates a high capacity to adapt its body size to different temperatures. Here we identify the molecular mechanisms controlling this phenotypic plasticity and show that temperature-induced cell number changes are controlled by Wnt- and TGF-ß signaling. Further we show that insulin-like peptide receptor (INSR) and forkhead box protein O (FoxO) are important genetic drivers of size determination controlling the same developmental regulators. Thus, environmental and genetic factors directly affect developmental mechanisms in which cell number is the strongest determinant of body size. These findings identify the basic mechanisms as to how size is regulated on an organismic level and how phenotypic plasticity is integrated into conserved developmental pathways in an evolutionary informative model organism.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Receptor de Insulina
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Transdução de Sinais
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Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta
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Tamanho Corporal
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Via de Sinalização Wnt
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Hydra
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article