The ER protein TLC domain 3B2 and its enzymatic product lactosylceramide enhance chondrocyte maturation.

ABSTRACT

Purpose/Aim of study We previously cloned Tlcd3b2 (Tram-Lag1-CLN8 domain 3B2, formerly Fam57b2) from bone fracture repair callus tissue of Cyp24a1 knockout mice and showed that it synthesizes lactosylceramide (LacCer) under allosteric control of the vitamin D metabolite, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3]. Tlcd3b2 was mainly detected in chondrocytes and the 24,25(OH)2D3-TLCD3B2-LacCer signaling cascade was shown to be important for optimal bone fracture repair, suggesting a role for TLCD3B2 in chondrocyte differentiation or maturation. We report the subcellular localization of TLCD3B2 and its effect on chondrocyte differentiation. Materials and Methods: Immunofluorescence detection of epitope-tagged mutants was used to assess localization. ATDC5 chondrogenic cells were transfected with Tlcd3b2 expression vectors to examine effects on chondrocyte differentiation. Results and Conclusions: TLCD3B2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, with both the N- and C-termini facing the cytosolic compartment. Chondrogenic ATDC5 cells stably overexpressing Tlcd3b2 showed elevated type 2 (Col2a1) and type 10 (Col10a1) collagen gene expression and increased proteoglycan synthesis, and the effect on Col2a1 was enhanced by treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3. LacCer treatment of ATDC5 cells potentiated Col10a1 expression. Our results show that TLCD3B2 is an ER protein and implicate its expression and enzymatic product in chondrocyte maturation.