Prone posterior retroperitoneoscopic access to the kidney in children: the controlled optical trocar approach.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional access for renal surgery through the retro-peritoneum includes the blind percutaneous approach using a haemostatic clip and the Gaur balloon dissection technique or alternatively the open cut-down approach. The authors present a video detailing the technique of optical access into the retro-peritoneum. OBJECTIVE: Demonstration of the optical access technique into the retroperitoneal space using the optical trocar. METHOD: Video describing the technique is carried out. With the patient in the prone position the optical trocar is introduced posteriorly traversing the different layers under vision to safely enter the space just outside gerota's fascia. Blunt dissection with the telescope tip and positive pressure aids creation of the working space. RESULTS: A total of 35 renal surgeries including nephrectomy and nephro-ureterectomy were performed via optical access to the retro-peritoneum. Ages ranged from 6 months to 14 years, and kidney sizes ranged from 1.6 cm to 15 cm, with operating times being 66-137 min. No complications or conversions were encountered. DISCUSSION: Optical access as described previously is achieved with a small incision, with complete control at every stage of the access with no room for error or subjective feeling. At all points, the operator recognises the different layers and is able to predictably reach the right space very quickly and safely. In contrast, the percutaneous technique was blind and the open cut-down required a bigger incision and was practically quite challenging in obese patients with leakage around the port and surgical emphysema. Optical access overcame all these drawbacks and made it reliable, predictable and reproducible. CONCLUSION: Access to the retroperitoneum in the prone posterior approach is achieved safely under vision and is reproducible. Every step in this access is performed in a controlled way and is therefore more predictable as compared to conventional techniques.