3-CO = 3-column osteotomy; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ASD = adult spinal deformity; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; EBL = estimated blood loss; HRQOL = health-related quality of life; ISSG = International Spine Study Group; LL = lumbar lordosis; LSDI = Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index; LT = lower thoracic; ODI = Oswestry Disability Index; OR = odds ratio; PI = pelvic incidence; PJA = proximal junction angle; PJF = proximal junctional failure; PJK = proximal junctional kyphosis; PT = pelvic tilt; SRS-22r = Scoliosis Research Society 22-r questionnaire; SVA = sagittal vertical axis; TK = thoracic kyphosis; UIV = upper instrumented vertebra; UT = upper thoracic; adult spinal deformity; complications; lower thoracic; outcomes; proximal junctional kyphosis; scoliosis; upper instrumented vertebra; upper thoracic