Reanimation of triceps muscle using ulnar nerve fascicle transfer to the nerve to long head of the triceps muscle.

BACKGROUND: Triceps muscle serves an important role in extension of the elbow. Its action is required for reaching out objects without using the trunk. Elbow extension is an important function for natural stabilization of the elbow. The aim of this study was to evaluate restoration of elbow extension in adults suffering triceps muscle palsy with various causes, by using transfer of a fascicle of ulnar nerve to the long head of triceps branch of the radial nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present case series, 7 patients with partial brachial plexus injury or posterior cord injury, where triceps muscle was involved, were subjected to motor fascicle of ulnar nerve transfer to the nerve to long head of triceps for restoration of elbow extension. Follow-ups, including EMG-NCV (electromyography-nerve conduction velocity) 6 and 12 months after surgery and elbow extension muscle strength using MRC grading, were carried out. RESULTS: Six patients (85.71%) achieved a functional muscle strength of M4 for their elbow extension. In all of the patients, re-innervation was discovered using EMG-NCV. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique (ulnar nerve fascicle transfer to long head of the triceps) for improving elbow extension is promising in patients with brachial plexus injury.