Parallelized Wireless Sensing System for Continuous Monitoring of Microtissue Spheroids.

ABSTRACT

Currently, the use of electrical readout methods for the investigation of microtissue spheroids in combination with lab automation tools is hindered by the cable connections that are required to interrogate the on-chip-integrated electrodes. To overcome this limitation, we developed a wireless sensor scheme, which can detect the size variation of microtissues during long-term culturing and drug exposure assays. The sensor system includes an interrogation board, which is composed of an inductor-capacitor (LC) readout circuit, and the tissue culture platform with integrated split-ring sensors. The magnetic coupling between the LC circuit and the sensors enables the interrogation of the on-chip sensors without any wire connection to the culture platform. By optimizing the sensor dimensions and the LC resonance frequencies, we were able to avoid cross talk between neighboring sensors. We integrated 12 tissue compartments on a standard microscopy slide with a sensor-to-sensor pitch of 9 mm, which is in accordance with standard 96-well plate dimensions. As a proof-of-concept experiment for the developed system, we monitored continuously and during more than four days the growth inhibition of colon cancer microtissue spheroids that had been exposed to different concentrations of doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic compound. The stability of the measurements during long-term culturing and the compatibility of the sensor scheme with standard lab equipment offer great potential for automated electrical microtissue spheroid characterization.