Identification of New Betalains in Separated Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Fractions from Ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS.

An improved methodology of achieving an accurate separation of pure fractions of betacyanins and betaxanthins from Ullucus tuberosus Caldas has been carried out. For that purpose, an in-depth chemical identification of each betalain fraction using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS was developed. This procedure allowed to evaluate the fractionation efficiency and also identify a large number of betalains, most of which have not been described so far in this raw material: betanidin- and isobetanidin-5-O-(4'-O-malonyl-ß-glucoside), 2-decarboxy-phyllocactin, betanidin- and isobetanidin-6-O-(6'-O-feruloyl)-ß-glucoside (gomphrenin and isogomphrenin III), dehydro-phyllocactin and isophyllocactin, and arginine and glycine-betaxanthins (portulacaxanthin III). Moreover, the availability of pure betalain fractions by the proposed methodology permitted to establish the total betalain content and the antioxidant activity of both separated betacyanin and betaxanthin fractions of ulluco for the first time. The results suggest Ullucus tuberosus as an underutilized food bioactive source with a high concentration of total betaxanthins (21.8 µg indicaxanthin/g fresh ulluco) and betacyanins (44.5 µg betanin/g fresh ulluco), strongly correlated to the Folin-Ciocalteau reduction capacity.