Barriers and Facilitators for HIV Testing Practice Among Ethiopian Women Aged 15-24 years: Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, youth women are most at risk of HIV infection. Center for Disease Control recommends that people who participate in high-risk behaviors get tested for HIV at least annually. In 2016, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health set goals to identify 90% of the people living with HIV by 2030. But undiagnosed HIV infections are still high in the country. To alleviate the problem, it is vital to identify the factors that hinder HIV testing practice. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers of HIV testing practice among Ethiopian youth women. METHODS: The analysis was done on 6401 women aged 15-24 years using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The main outcome variable was self-reported HIV testing practice. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the facilitators and barriers of HIV testing practice. RESULTS: In this study, 37.7% [95% CI (33.6, 39.1)] of youth women were tested for HIV in their life. Being married (AOR=4.7; 95% CI (3.67, 6.01)), divorced [AOR=6.2; 95% CI (3.98-9.54)], having primary level of education [AOR=2.4;95% CI (1.79-3.13)], and secondary level of education [AOR=4.0; 95% CI (2.87-5.63)], being rich [AOR=2.3;95% CI (1.39-3.91)] and being in the highest wealth index catagory [AOR=2.6;95% CI (1.30-5.16)] increase the odds of HIV testing. However, lack of media acccess [AOR = 0.7; 95 CI % (0.54-0.87)], lack of comprehensive HIV knowledge [AOR = 0.68; 65% CI (0.53-0.86)] and having discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV[AOR=0.79;95% CI (0.64-0.97)] decrease the odds of HIV testing. CONCLUSION: The practice of HIV testing among youth populations was low as compared to national recommendations. Lack of media access, lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV, and having discriminatory attitudes were the barriers to HIV testing practice. Marriage, secondary or higher education attainment, and high wealth index category were the facilitators for HIV testing. Improving HIV-related knowledge, improving media access, and minimizing discriminatory attitudes are strongly recommended to promote HIV testing practice.