Hematopoietic-Stem-Cell-Targeted Gene-Addition and Gene-Editing Strategies for ß-hemoglobinopathies.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a well-defined point mutation in the ß-globin gene and therefore is an optimal target for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene-addition/editing therapy. In HSC gene-addition therapy, a therapeutic ß-globin gene is integrated into patient HSCs via lentiviral transduction, resulting in long-term phenotypic correction. State-of-the-art gene-editing technology has made it possible to repair the ß-globin mutation in patient HSCs or target genetic loci associated with reactivation of endogenous γ-globin expression. With both approaches showing signs of therapeutic efficacy in patients, we discuss current genetic treatments, challenges, and technical advances in this field.