Protective Effect of Dalbergia sissoo Extract Against Amyloid-ß (1-42)-induced Memory Impairment, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Rats.

OBJECTIVES: The ayurvedic literature reports that Dalbergia sissoo, a common medicinal plant for gastric and skin problems, has brain-revitalizing effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of this herb on an amyloid-ß (Aß) 1-42 model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is yet unknown. The current study describes the protective effect of ethanolic extracts of D. sissoo leaves (EEDS) against Aß (1-42)-induced cognitive deficit, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EEDS (300 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for 2 weeks prior to intracerebroventricular Aß (1-42) treatment. The neuroprotective effect of EEDS was assessed by evaluating behavioral, biochemical, and neuroinflammatory parameters in the rat hippocampus. Memory function was assessed via the Morris water maze (MWM) task 2 weeks after Aß (1-42) administration. After 3 weeks, surgery was performed, all biochemical parameters were evaluated, and histopathological examination of the tissues was carried out. RESULTS: EEDS improved the cognitive ability of Aß (1-42)-administered rats in the MWM task. It reduced oxidative stress by significantly decreasing nitrite and malondialdehyde levels and increasing catalase activity and glutathione levels in the rat brain. Moreover, EEDS mitigated neuroinflammation in rats by decreasing the concentration of neuroinflammatory markers in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: D. sissoo leaf extract has a beneficial role in alleviating cognitive deficits in AD by modulating cholinergic function, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.