Significant aspects and correlation between glycemic control and generalized chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to assess the correlation between glycemic control and clinical periodontal characteristics in type 2 diabetics with generalized chronic periodontitis. A total of 182 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and generalized chronic periodontitis were included in our study. The clinical examination included full-mouth plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), presence of suppuration (SUP), clinical attachment level (CAL) and number of remaining teeth. Blood analyses were conducted for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The correlation between the extent of periodontitis, defined as the percentage of PD and CAL sites ≥5 mm, and glycemic control was also analyzed. In addition, clinical parameters were compared between two (<7 and ≥7%) glycemic subsets. The frequency of uncontrolled diabetic subjects (HbA1c ≥7%) was higher than that of the well-controlled subjects (HbA1c <7%), 57.15 vs. 42.85%. Among the clinical parameters evaluated, mean full-mouth plaque accumulation was significantly higher among patients without glucose control (74.2±25.2 vs. 62.5±28.7%, P<0.01), as well as mean PD (3.78±0.9 vs. 3.42±0.8 mm, P<0.01) and mean CAL (4.5±1.2 vs. 4.1±1.2 mm, P=0.02). The sites with PD ≥5 mm were statistically more prevalent among patients with HbA1c ≥7% compared with patients with HbA1c <7% (27.8±6.2 vs. 23.4±5.8%, P<0.01). The mean number of remaining teeth was statistically significantly lower in patients with HbA1c ≥7% compared with patients with HbA1c <7% (18.5±3.2 vs. 20.4±4.1, P<0.01). In conclusion, the severity and extension of generalized chronic periodontitis was higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glucose control compared with those with good glucose control.