Sodium in the dermis colocates to glycosaminoglycan scaffold, with diminishment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
JCI Insight
; 6(12)2021 06 22.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34003801
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Dietary sodium intake mismatches urinary sodium excretion over prolonged periods. Our aims were to localize and quantify electrostatically bound sodium within human skin using triple-quantum-filtered (TQF) protocols for MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to explore dermal sodium in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).METHODS:
We recruited adult participants with T2D (n = 9) and euglycemic participants with no history of diabetes mellitus (n = 8). All had undergone lower limb amputations or abdominal skin reduction surgery for clinical purposes. We used 20 µm in-plane resolution 1H MRI to visualize anatomical skin regions ex vivo from skin biopsies taken intraoperatively, 23Na TQF MRI/MRS to explore distribution and quantification of freely dissolved and bound sodium, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify sodium in selected skin samples.RESULTS:
Human dermis has a preponderance (>90%) of bound sodium that colocalizes with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) scaffold. Bound and free sodium have similar anatomical locations. T2D associates with a severely reduced dermal bound sodium capacity.CONCLUSION:
We provide the first evidence to our knowledge for high levels of bound sodium within human dermis, colocating to the GAG scaffold, consistent with a dermal "third space repository" for sodium. T2D associates with diminished dermal electrostatic binding capacity for sodium.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Sódio
/
Derme
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
/
Glicosaminoglicanos
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article