Immunological map in COVID-19.
J Microbiol Immunol Infect
; 54(4): 547-556, 2021 Aug.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34023234
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus that exhibits many similarities with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively). The definite pathogenesis and immunological influences of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we constructed a brief summary comparison of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections regarding their immunological changes. In addition, we further investigated the immunological differences between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 cases, and we searched for possible immunological predictors of the patient outcome by reviewing case series studies to date. Possible immunological predictors of a poor outcome are leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 T cells), an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), regulatory T cell cytokines (IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17). A more precise immunological map needs to be established, which may assist in diagnosing this disease and facilitate immunological precision medicine treatment.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave
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Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave
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Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio
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SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article