Pre-programming in overhand throwing of children with Down syndrome: role of the generalized motor program.
Int J Dev Disabil
; 67(3): 229-235, 2019 Jul 31.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34188902
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
It is unclear whether slowness and higher reaction time of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are because of inability to pre-program and using the generalized motor program (GMP) or not. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of relative timing as a fixed feature of a GMP in overhand throwing with changing the distance to target as a varied feature.METHODS:
Fifteen individuals with DS (age = 13 ± 2 y) and a control group of 12 individuals without intellectual disability (ID; age = 13 ± 2 y) were asked to throw a tennis ball to a fixed target from three distances of 2, 2.75, and 3.25 m, respectively. Instant of occurrence of the following discrete variables was recorded by motionanalysis:
initiation of elbow extension, maximum shoulder angular velocity, maximum elbow angular velocity, and maximum resultant hand velocity.RESULTS:
Results of two-way analysis of variance test did not show any significant difference in any of the relative kinematic variables in distances and groups (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION:
It seems that individuals with DS are able to motor preprogram and they use a GMP to overhand throwing from different distances as well as those without ID. Also, slowness and reaction time are unrelated to pre-programming and GMP as it relates to overhand throwing.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article