Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ-specific metastasis.
J Extracell Vesicles
; 10(9): e12125, 2021 07.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34295457
ABSTRACT
Distant organ metastasis, often termed as organotropic metastasis or metastatic organotropism, is a fundamental feature of malignant tumours and accounts for most cancer-related mortalities. This process is orchestrated by many complex biological interactions and processes that are mediated by a combination of anatomical, genetic, pathophysiological and biochemical factors. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being demonstrated as critical mediators of bi-directional tumour-host cell interactions, controlling organ-specific infiltration, adaptation and colonization at the secondary site. EVs govern organotropic metastasis by modulating the pre-metastatic microenvironment through upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression and immunosuppressive cytokine secretion, induction of phenotype-specific differentiation and recruitment of specific stromal cell types. This review discusses EV-mediated metastatic organotropism in visceral (brain, lung, liver, and lymph node) and skeletal (bone) metastasis, and discusses how the pre-metastatic education by EVs transforms the organ into a hospitable, tumour cell-friendly milieu that supports the growth of metastatic cells. Decoding the organ-specific traits of EVs and their functions in organotropic metastasis is essential in accelerating the clinical application of EVs in cancer management.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vesículas Extracelulares
/
Metástase Neoplásica
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article