Application of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Monitor the Early Antitumor Effect of CuS@GOD Nanoparticles in a 4 T1 Breast Cancer Xenograft Model.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We have developed hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) by co-loading copper sulfide (CuS) NPs and glucose oxidase (GOD) (CuS@GOD NPs) to explore their antitumor properties. PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and R2 * mapping to quantitatively assess the early antitumor effect of CuS@GOD NPs. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL The orthotopic BALB/c mice 4 T1 breast cancer model. The 4 T1 xenografts in group 1 mice received normal saline, group 2 received CuS@GOD NPs, group 3 received CuS NPs plus laser, and group 4 received CuS@GOD NPs plus laser (n = 28 for each group). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T/IVIM-DWI MRI single-shot echo-planar imaging, R2 * mapping spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) sequence, T2-weighted images (T2WI) and T1-weighted images (T1WI) fast spin echo (FSE) sequence. ASSESSMENT The IVIM-DWI and R2 * mapping were performed before and after treatment at 0 hour, 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours in four groups and the MRI parameters were obtained. Correlation analysis between the MRI parameters and histological analyses was conducted. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, two independent samples t test, intraclass correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: In group 4, the tumoral D value was significantly higher than that of group 2 at 24 hours (0.541 ± 0.065 vs. 0.492 ± 0.051). The f value of group 4 was significantly lower than that of groups 1 and 2 at 2 hours (10.83 ± 2.16 vs. 14.28 ± 1.86, 16.67 ± 3.53, respectively). The R2 * value was significantly increased at 0 hour in group 4 compared to that of groups 1 and 2 (64.552 ± 4.663 vs. 42.441 ± 1.516, 43.165 ± 1.709, respectively). D, f, and R2 * were correlated with the histological staining results (r = 0.695-0.970). DATA CONCLUSION: The IVIM-DWI-derived D and f and R2 * mapping-derived R2 * could monitor early response to CuS@GOD NPs treatment in vivo. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.