Effect of Long-term Regular Yoga on Physical Health of Yoga Practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual discipline. The effect of yoga on mental health has been studied extensively in India but less in the context of physical health. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore the effect of long-term regular yoga on physical health of yoga practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an interventional study. Inclusion criteria were students who enrolled for 1-year diploma course at the yoga center. Exclusion criteria were nonregular yoga practitioners during the course. Physical health parameters considered for assessment before and after the yoga course were pulmonary function tests, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) using Bruce treadmill test, flexibility, body composition analysis, and hemoglobin level. Paired sample t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The aerobic capacity improved significantly in terms of mean (standard deviation [SD]) forced vital capacity (P < 0.001), forced expiration volume at the end of the first second (P < 0.001) as well as peak expiratory flow rate (P = 0.04). The mean (SD) flexibility score improved significantly (P < 0.001). Similarly, the endurance improved significantly in terms of mean (SD) Vo2 max (< 0.001) and treadmill time (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in body composition and hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: Regular yoga practitioners demonstrated the improvement in pulmonary functions, cardiorespiratory fitness, endurance, and flexibility.