DPP4 Inhibitors: Could they be One of the Solutions for COVID-19 Patients with Prediabetes?

ABSTRACT

Recent reports suggest that prediabetes is a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 complications through underlying mechanisms involving undiagnosed sub-clinical inflammation. However, we remain without a clinical approach for managing COVID-19 in prediabetic cases. The subclinical inflammation in prediabetes is associated with elevated DPP4 levels and activity. DPP4 has pleiotropic actions, including glycaemia regulation and immuno-modulation. Recently, DPP4 has been recognised as a co-receptor for COVID-19 for entering host cells. In addition to improving glycaemia, DPP4 inhibition is associated with reduced inflammation. In this submission, we explore the potential use of DPP4 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for prediabetic patients in managing the deleterious effects of COVID-19. DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), such as linagliptin and sitagliptin, have therapeutic effects, which have been shown to extend beyond glycaemic control with no risk of hypoglycaemia. By the nature of their mechanism of action, gliptins are not associated with hypoglycaemia, unlike their anti-glycaemic counterparts, as they mainly target postprandial glycaemia. Moreover, DPP4 inhibitors may represent a safer option for prediabetic individuals in managing prediabetes either as a prophylactic or curative treatment for COVID-19. We envisage that beyond improved glycaemic control, the use of DPP4 inhibitors would also alleviate the cytokine storm, resulting in a reduction in the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and consequently reducing the morbidity and mortality in prediabetic COVID- 19 patients.