Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The association between AD and other diseases such as diabetes is well-studied. In parallel, potential disease-modifying effects of therapeutic agents used for diabetes have been investigated in the context AD of. Metformin is a biguanide and the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes Due to its pleiotropic properties, metformin's potential disease-modifying effects are widely studied on different pathophysiological plyers of AD such as amyloid-ß (Aß) production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, in relevant in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relevant scientific literature on the effects of metformin on various aspects of AD pathophysiology.