Systematic review of the evidence for resolution of common breastfeeding problems-Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie).

ABSTRACT

AIM: Tongue tie is a common problem affecting breastfeeding due to poor infant latch and/or maternal pain. Evidence of whether treatment improves breastfeeding outcomes is conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of tongue-tie treatment on breastfeeding difficulties. METHODS: We searched peer-reviewed and grey literature in MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE and PsycINFO, from 01/1970 to 09/2019. INCLUSION randomised and non-randomised clinical trials, and quasi-experimental study designs, involving breastfeeding interventions for full-term singleton infants, using standardised measure of breastfeeding difficulty. EXCLUSION qualitative and purely observational studies, lacked operational definition of breastfeeding difficulty, lacked control/comparison group. We assessed risk of bias, summarised study quality and results and conducted meta-analysis using random effects modelling. RESULTS: Six studies on tongue-tie division were included (4 randomised and 2 non-randomised). Meta-analysis of standardised mean differences in breastfeeding difficulty scores in four studies showed statistically significant differences in favour of frenotomy (Pooled SMD +2.12, CI(0.17-4.08)p = 0.03). Similarly, a statistically significant difference in favour of frenotomy was observed for pain (Pooled SMD -1.68, 95% CI (-2.87- -0.48). CONCLUSION: Results support that infant frenotomy is effective for improving standardised scores on breastfeeding difficulty and maternal pain scales and could improve breastfeeding outcomes.