3-Dimensional Modeling in Virtual Reality for Resection of a Pineal Region Falcotentorial Meningioma.

ABSTRACT

We present a parietal interhemispheric approach to resect a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling was used to visualize and plan the surgical approach in virtual reality (Video 1). A 78-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a slow-growing falcotentorial meningioma. The tumor was first treated with stereotactic radiosurgery, but the patient had progressive confusion, memory issues, and bilateral temporal field cuts with interval expansion of the tumor and significantly increased peritumoral vasogenic edema on magnetic resonance imaging. After recommending tumor resection, the patient consented to surgery and underwent resection via a posterior interhemispheric subsplenial approach. Using a 3D model in virtual reality, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various classical approaches to the pineal region for resection of this tumor.1-3 Falcotentorial meningiomas often displace the deep veins inferiorly, making an interhemispheric approach more favorable.4-6 Preoperative visualization of critical deep venous structures with the 3D model was a valuable adjunct to magnetic resonance imaging for achieving safe resection. We depict key steps of the surgical planning process using virtual reality and demonstrate how simulation can be used to evaluate risks and benefits of different surgical corridors. A small rim of residual tumor adherent to the deep cerebral veins was intentionally left behind in order to minimize risk of morbidity to the patient.7 At 1-month follow-up, the patient's cognition had returned to baseline and her vision had significantly improved. Ultimately, surgical planning using virtual reality promotes both neurosurgical education and patient safety through clear visualization and understanding of different surgical approaches.