Heart Failure Associated With Ventricular Septal Defect, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Non-stenotic Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Patent Foramen Ovale.

ABSTRACT

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are the two most common congenital heart defects. BAV may occur sporadically or in association with other cardiac malformations. VSDs have decreased incidence in the adult population due to spontaneous closure. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be associated with these conditions but the simultaneous association of these defects has never been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient with persistent VSD, BAV, and PFO associated with new-onset heart failure and MVP. We aim to study the association between the coexistence of structural heart malformations and the increased risk of heart failure.