Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
; 377(1850): 20210222, 2022 05 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35306896
ABSTRACT
In a minority of flowering plants, separate sexes are genetically determined by sex chromosomes. The Y chromosome has a non-recombining region that degenerates, causing a reduced expression of Y genes. In some species, the lower Y expression is accompanied by dosage compensation (DC), a mechanism that re-equalizes male and female expression and/or brings XY male expression back to its ancestral level. Here, we review work on DC in plants, which started as early as the late 1960s with cytological approaches. The use of transcriptomics fired a controversy as to whether DC existed in plants. Further work revealed that various plants exhibit partial DC, including a few species with young and homomorphic sex chromosomes. We are starting to understand the mechanisms responsible for DC in some plants, but in most species, we lack the data to differentiate between global and gene-by-gene DC. Also, it is unknown why some species evolve many dosage compensated genes while others do not. Finally, the forces that drive DC evolution remain mysterious, both in plants and animals. We review the multiple evolutionary theories that have been proposed to explain DC patterns in eukaryotes with XY or ZW sex chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants'.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Cromossomos Sexuais
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Mecanismo Genético de Compensação de Dose
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article