Predictors of influenza severity among hospitalized adults with laboratory confirmed influenza: Analysis of nine influenza seasons from the Valencia region, Spain.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Influenza hospitalizations contribute substantially to healthcare disruption. We explored the impact of ageing, comorbidities and other risk factors to better understand associations with severe clinical outcomes in adults hospitalized with influenza. METHODS: We analysed multi-season data from adults ≥18 years, hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in Valencia, Spain. Severity was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, assisted ventilation and/or death. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between risk factors and severity. Rate of hospital discharge was analysed with a cumulative incidence function. RESULTS: Only 26% of influenza patients had their primary discharge diagnosis coded as influenza. Comorbidities were associated with severity among adults aged 50-79 years, with the highest odds ratio (OR) in patients with ≥3 comorbidities aged 50-64 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI 1.0-44.6). Morbid obesity and functional dependencies were also identified risk factors (ORs varying from 3 to 5 depending on age). The presence of increasing numbers of comorbidities was associated with prolonged hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza clinical outcomes are aggravated by the presence of comorbidities and ageing. Increased awareness of influenza among hospitalized patients could prompt clinical and public health interventions to reduce associated burden.