Identification of Novel Covalent XPO1 Inhibitors Based on a Hybrid Virtual Screening Strategy.

ABSTRACT

Nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1), a member of the nuclear export protein-p (Karyopherin-P) superfamily, regulates the transport of "cargo" proteins. To facilitate this important process, which is essential for cellular homeostasis, XPO1 must first recognize and bind the cargo proteins. To inhibit this process, small molecule inhibitors have been designed that inhibit XPO1 activity through covalent binding. However, the scaffolds for these inhibitors are very limited. While virtual screening may be used to expand the diversity of the XPO1 inhibitor skeleton, enormous computational resources would be required to accomplish this using traditional screening methods. In the present study, we report the development of a hybrid virtual screening workflow and its application in XPO1 covalent inhibitor screening. After screening, several promising XPO1 covalent molecules were obtained. Of these, compound 8 performed well in both tumor cell proliferation assays and a nuclear export inhibition assay. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide information on the mode of interaction of compound 8 with XPO1. This research has identified a promising new scaffold for XPO1 inhibitors, and it demonstrates an effective and resource-saving workflow for identifying new covalent inhibitors.