Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Ultrasound Classification of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the ultrasound (US) classification of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 70 patients diagnosed with CTL. All patients underwent both conventional US and CEUS. Both methods were compared to determine their agreement with pathological CTL results. Results: The results of conventional US classification were as follows: 18 patients (25.7%) were type I, 25 patients (35.7%) type II, 21 patients (30.0%) type III, and 6 patients (8.6%) type IV, respectively. The results of CEUS classification were as follows: 9 patients (12.9%) were type I, 33 patients (47.1%) type II, 22 patients (31.4%) type III, and 6 patients (8.6%) type IV. Conventional US classification and pathological results showed moderate agreement in terms of US classification results for CTL (Kappa = 0.693); the accuracy of conventional US classification was 78.6% (55/70), and the accuracy of types II and III were 71.0% (22/31) and 82.6% (19/23), respectively. CEUS classification and pathological results showed strong agreement (Kappa = 0.871); the accuracy of CEUS classification was 91.4% (64/70), and the accuracy of types II and III were 93.6% (29/31) and 87.0% (20/23), respectively. Conclusion: In combined with conventional US, CEUS could provide more information on blood flow enhancement patterns and identify the area of lymph node necrosis in CTL. This could contribute to a more accurate US classification of CTL.