Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Successfully Treated with Granulocyte Transfusions Followed by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Severe Childhood Aplastic Anemia.

Granulocyte transfusions (GTX) have been used in patients with neutropenia or neutropenia associated with invasive fungal infection. An 11-year-old girl with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) received immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with rabbit antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. However, IST was not effective and her condition became complicated with life-threatening invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Owing to the necessity for early neutrophil recovery to resolve the infection, GTX were performed, followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from her mother with human leukocyte antigen-B locus mismatch. Her dyspnea improved and she eventually became afebrile after the initiation of GTX. Despite engraftment failure following BMT, successful engraftment was achieved by salvage therapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Chest computed tomography scan obtained 4 months after BMT revealed marked improvement in pneumonia. The current case illustrates that GTX may be useful in controlling invasive fungal infections before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with SAA.