Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-based Lymph Node Atlas for Salvage Radiotherapy in Patients with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Validation of the New NRG Oncology 2020 guideline.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-40% of patients with prostate cancer (PC) who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) experience relapse, with the majority of these cases developing pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases. Taking new data from the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) era into account, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 2009 contouring guideline for the pelvic LNs from 2009 was updated by the NRG Oncology group in 2020 (NRG 2020). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and validate the updated NRG 2020 guideline with our established LN atlas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We screened 1653 PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) data sets for patients with biochemical relapse who underwent a PET scan between November 2012 and November 2017. After screening, we developed an LN atlas using data from 233 patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We evaluated LN overlap (OL) with the RTOG 2009 and NRG 2020 contouring guidelines. OL was defined as within (>90%), partly within (10-90%), or outside (<10%). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In comparison to the RTOG 2009 guideline, 403 (52%), 134 (17%), and 241 (31%) of the LNs were not, were partly, or were fully covered within the overall group, respectively. By contrast, using the NRG 2020 guideline, 302 (39%), 190 (24%), and 286 (37%) of the LNs were not, were partly, or were fully covered, respectively (p < 0.001). Limitations include the retrospective design with missing data and no histopathological confirmation of the PET results. CONCLUSIONS: The updated NRG 2020 contouring guideline improves coverage of the pelvic LNs in patients undergoing salvage radiation therapy. However, PET/CT should be considered whenever possible to ensure coverage of untypical LN spread. PATIENT SUMMARY: We compared the 2009 and 2020 guidelines on the radiation area for the pelvis for patients with recurrent prostate cancer that has spread to lymph nodes. The newer guideline provides better coverage of pelvic lymph nodes than the older one and is useful in planning radiation therapy. However, a scan of the pelvis using the newest technique should be considered for individual patients to ensure coverage of untypical lymph nodes.