Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clin Nutr
; 41(12): 2659-2682, 2022 12.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36343558
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease suggested protective effects.OBJECTIVE:
We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption and the primary risk of 4 differentoutcomes:
cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D) or all-cause mortality through January 2022.METHODS:
Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 prospective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 participants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D; and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.RESULTS:
A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76 to 0.94), standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association with cancer risk was observed (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of heterogeneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.CONCLUSIONS:
Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk.Palavras-chave
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças Cardiovasculares
/
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
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Neoplasias
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article