Pathway-guided monitoring of the disease course in bladder cancer with longitudinal urine proteomics.

Bladder cancer must be closely monitored for progression, but this requires expensive and invasive procedures such as cystoscopy. Less invasive procedures using readily available samples such as urine are needed. Here, we present an approach that measures the levels of various proteins in the urine. We compare protein levels at different points during the disease course in patients with bladder cancer, and show this helps to flag disease recurrence and the need for medical intervention. Our approach could help clinicians to determine which patients require more invasive testing and treatment.