Approaches to Determine Nuclear Shape in Cells During Migration Through Collagen Matrices.

ABSTRACT

Fibrillar collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) component of interstitial tissues which supports the structure of many organs, including the skin and breast. Many different physiological processes, but also pathological processes such as metastatic cancer invasion, involve interstitial cell migration. Often, cell movement takes place through small ECM gaps and pores and depends upon the ability of the cell and its stiff nucleus to deform. Such nuclear deformation during cell migration may impact nuclear integrity, such as of chromatin or the nuclear envelope, and therefore the morphometric analysis of nuclear shapes can provide valuable insight into a broad variety of biological processes. Here, we describe a protocol on how to generate a cell-collagen model in vitro and how to use confocal microscopy for the static and dynamic visualization of labeled nuclei in single migratory cells. We developed, and here provide, two scripts that (Fidler, Nat Rev Cancer 3(6)453-458, 2003) enable the semi-automated and fast quantification of static single nuclear shape descriptors, such as aspect ratio or circularity, and the nuclear irregularity index that forms a combination of four distinct shape descriptors, as well as (Frantz et al., J Cell Sci 123 (Pt 24)4195-4200, 2010) a quantification of their changes over time. Finally, we provide quantitative measurements on nuclear shapes from cells that migrated through collagen either in the presence or the absence of an inhibitor of collagen degradation, showing the distinctive power of this approach. This pipeline can also be applied to cell migration studied in different assays, ranging from 3D microfluidics to migration in the living organism.