Mechanism of regulation of the Helicobacter pylori Cagß ATPase by CagZ.

ABSTRACT

The transport of the CagA effector into gastric epithelial cells by the Cag Type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is critical for pathogenesis. CagA is recruited to Cag T4SS by the Cagß ATPase. CagZ, a unique protein in H. pylori, regulates Cagß-mediated CagA transport, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the cytosolic region of Cagß, showing a typical ring-like hexameric assembly. The central channel of the ring is narrow, suggesting that CagA must unfold for transport through the channel. Our structure of CagZ in complex with the all-alpha domain (AAD) of Cagß shows that CagZ adopts an overall U-shape and tightly embraces Cagß. This binding mode of CagZ is incompatible with the formation of the Cagß hexamer essential for the ATPase activity. CagZ therefore inhibits Cagß by trapping it in the monomeric state. Based on these findings, we propose a refined model for the transport of CagA by Cagß.