Susceptibility to the sound-induced flash illusion is associated with gait speed in a large sample of middle-aged and older adults.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multisensory integration is the ability to appropriately merge information from different senses for the purpose of perceiving and acting in the environment. During walking, information from multiple senses must be integrated appropriately to coordinate effective movements. We tested the association between a well characterised multisensory task, the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI), and gait speed in 3255 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. High susceptibility to this illusion at longer stimulus onset asynchronies characterises older adults, and has been associated with cognitive and functional impairments, therefore it should be associated with slower gait speed. METHOD: Gait was measured under three conditions; usual pace, cognitive dual tasking, and maximal walking speed. A separate logistic mixed effects regression model was run for 1) gait at usual pace, 2) change in gait speed for the cognitive dual tasking relative to usual pace and 3) change in maximal walking speed relative to usual pace. In all cases a binary response indicating a correct/incorrect response to each SIFI trial was the dependent variable. The model controlled for covariates including age, sex, education, vision and hearing abilities, Body Mass Index, and cognitive function. RESULTS: Slower gait was associated with more illusions, particularly at longer temporal intervals between the flash-beep pair and the second beep, indicating that those who integrated incongruent sensory inputs over longer intervals, also walked slower. The relative changes in gait speed for cognitive dual tasking and maximal walking speed were also significantly associated with SIFI at longer SOAs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support growing evidence that mobility, susceptibility to falling and balance control are associated with multisensory processing in ageing.