Addition of formaldehyde releaser imidazolidinyl urea and MOPS buffer to urine samples enables delayed processing for flow cytometric analysis of urinary cells: A simple, two step conservation method of urinary cells for flow cytometry.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Kidney diseases are a major health concern worldwide. Currently there is a large unmet need for novel biomarkers to non-invasively diagnose and monitor kidney diseases. Urinary cells are promising biomarkers and their analysis by flow cytometry has demonstrated its utility in diverse clinical settings. However, up to date this methodology depends on fresh samples, as cellular event counts and the signal-to-noise-ratio deter over time. Here we developed an easy-to-use two-step preservation method for conservation of urine samples for subsequent flow cytometry. METHODS: The protocol utilizes a combination of the formaldehyde releasing agent imidazolidinyl urea (IU) and MOPS buffer, leading to gentle fixation of urinary cells. RESULTS: The preservation method increases acceptable storing time of urine samples from several hours to up to 6 days. Cellular event counts and staining properties of cells remain comparable to fresh untreated samples. OUTLOOK The hereby presented preservation method facilitates future investigations on flow cytometry of urinary cells as potential biomarkers and may enable broad implementation in clinical practice.