Occurrence and influencing factors of cyclosporine A on the kidney injury following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Whether cyclosporine A (CsA) is a risk factor of kidney injury after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has not been determined. We aim to comprehensively review the correlation and influencing factors between CsA and kidney injury in patients following allo-HSCT. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and CBM Database from inception to March 2022. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to analyze the data. RESULTS: We included a total of 30 studies. Meta-analyses of total incidence of kidney injury related to CsA was 37.0% [95% CI (25.4%, 48.6%); n = 15]. The proportion of CsA-related acute kidney injury to total acute kidney injury following allo-HSCT was 59.7% [95% CI (49.1%, 70.3%); n = 9]. One study found that AKI had a significant association with CsA in multivariate analysis [RR = 6.173; 95% CI (4.032, 9.434)]. With respect to cyclosporine combination and nephrotoxicity, 6/9 studies demonstrated that the concomitant medications for CsA (especially aminoglycoside antibiotics and amphotericin B) had negative effect on kidney functions related to CsA in allo-HSCT patients. No consensus was reached for "dose of CsA", "duration of CsA use", "comorbidities" and "CsA levels" across studies. CONCLUSIONS: CsA may be a risk factor for kidney injury in patients following allo-HSCT, especially the concomitant use of CsA and nephrotoxic medications.