Longitudinal assessment of demographic representativeness in the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center open data commons.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC) open data commons was launched to accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to help address the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to quantify longitudinal representativeness of the demographic characteristics of the primary MIDRC dataset compared to the United States general population (US Census) and COVID-19 positive case counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Approach: The Jensen-Shannon distance (JSD), a measure of similarity of two distributions, was used to longitudinally measure the representativeness of the distribution of (1) all unique patients in the MIDRC data to the 2020 US Census and (2) all unique COVID-19 positive patients in the MIDRC data to the case counts reported by the CDC. The distributions were evaluated in the demographic categories of age at index, sex, race, ethnicity, and the combination of race and ethnicity. Results: Representativeness of the MIDRC data by ethnicity and the combination of race and ethnicity was impacted by the percentage of CDC case counts for which this was not reported. The distributions by sex and race have retained their level of representativeness over time. Conclusion: The representativeness of the open medical imaging datasets in the curated public data commons at MIDRC has evolved over time as the number of contributing institutions and overall number of subjects have grown. The use of metrics, such as the JSD support measurement of representativeness, is one step needed for fair and generalizable AI algorithm development.