Parents' Perspectives in Accessing Psychiatric Residential Treatment for Children and Youth: Differential Experiences by Funding Source.

ABSTRACT

Objective: There are well-documented disparities in access to mental health care for children and youth with significant behavioral health needs. Few studies that explored the differential experiences of families who use private vs public sources of financing (i.e., insurance and funding) in accessing residential treatment (RT) for children and youth. This study aimed to examine the lived experiences of families accessing psychiatric residential treatment (RT) and contextualize these experiences based on source of financing. Methods: Twenty parents completed two interviews about their experiences with RT including the process for gaining access, length of stay, and aftercare. Parents were also asked about barriers (e.g., custody relinquishment), and facilitators (e.g., policies in the state) to accessing RT. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: There were three distinct groups of families in the study. The first group includes lower income families whose children had public health coverage before needing RT. The second group comprises middle-income families whose children had private coverage but lived in states where there were no RTs that accepted private insurance or private payment and who did not have the means to send their child to RT in another state. The final group included higher income families with private insurance and enough private resources to overcome the limitations of insurance and state policies. This study illuminates key barriers and hardships for families accessing RT 1) waiting long waiting periods and navigating complex systems; 2) inadequate lengths of stay; and 3) inadequate aftercare and support in the community transition. Conclusions: This study is among the first to examine how access to RT differs by whether a family has access to public or private resources. Taken together, these findings support the importance of insurance and financing for families accessing RT for their children and the need for systemic changes in policies and practices to reduce disparities in access.