Relationship between the Polymer Blend Using Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, and Antimicrobial Activities against Staphylococcus aureus.

The findings from Pareto charts, main effect plots, and interaction plots demonstrate the importance of polymer concentration. Increasing concentration improves the inhibition percentage and decreases the MIC50. However, the primary factor that influences these changes is chitosan (CS). Additionally, the interaction between CS and PVP, along with other polymers, plays a crucial role in achieving better antimicrobial effects. These results enhance our understanding of the antimicrobial properties of the studied polymers and offer valuable insights for developing effective antimicrobial formulations. The MIC50 value of M1-M16 was at a polymer percentage of 12.5%. At 12.5% polymer percentage, with the limits of [PVA], [PEG], and [PVP] being 0.002-0.004 g/mL and [CS] being 0.001-0.002 g/mL, using the 2-level full factorial method, the inhibition percentage is equal to 174.1 - 27,812 PVA - 18,561 PVP - 25,960 PEG - 38,752 CS + 9,263,047 PVA*PVP + 10,430,763 PVA*PEG + 15,397,157 PVA*CS + 7,088,313 PVP*PEG + 7,841,221 PVP*CS + 14,228,046 PEG*CS - 3,367,292,860 PVA*PVP*PEG - 5,671,998,721 PVA*PVP*CS - 6,619,041,275 PVA*PEG*CS - 3,917,095,529 PVP*PEG*CS + 2,273,661,969,470 PVA*PVP*PEG*CS. Theoretically, the most economical concentrations of PVA, PVP, PEG, and CS are 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.001 mg/mL at a concentration of 12.5% to reach an inhibition percentage of 99.162%, which coincides with the MBC value.